The Second Estate (Fr. Second Estate) was the French nobility and (technically, but not commonly used) royalty, with the exception of the monarch himself, who stood outside the domain system. The point of view of a historian: “The social structure of the European continent still had an aristocratic character, a legacy of a time when, because land was practically the only source of wealth, those who owned it took all the rights over those who worked it. Almost the entire population was placed in a “third order”, called in France the Third Estate. Aristocratic prerogatives condemned this order to remain eternally in its original state of inferiority. [But] throughout. In France, this order of society was challenged by a long-term change that increased the importance of mobile wealth and the bourgeoisie, and emphasized the preponderant role of productive labor, inventive intelligence and scientific knowledge. Georges Lefebvre Throughout the pamphlet, Sieyès argues that the first and second possessions are simply useless and that the Third Estate is in fact the only legitimate possession of the France that represents the entire population. Therefore, he says, it should completely replace the other two stands. The third estate bears the weight of the majority of taxes. Although states were never formulated in such a way as to prevent social mobility, the English (later British) Parliament was long based on the classic lines of succession, which consisted of Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons.

The tradition of the Spiritual and Temporal Lords sitting separately from the Commons began during the reign of Edward III in the 14th century. In Finland, this legal division existed until 1906 and was still based on the Swedish Constitution of 1772. At the beginning of the 20th century, however, the majority of the population did not belong to any domain and had no political representation. A particularly important class was that of sharecroppers, who did not own the land they cultivated, but had to work on the landowner`s farm to pay their rent (unlike in Russia, there were neither slaves nor serfs). In addition, industrial workers living in the city were not represented by the four-booth system. The Assembly changed its name to the National Constituent Assembly on July 9 and began acting as a governing body and constitutional author. After the storming of the Bastille on the 14th. The National Assembly (sometimes called the Constituent Assembly) became the effective government of the France. The number of delegates increased considerably during the legislature, but many deputies took their time to arrive, some of them not arriving in Paris until 1791. The majority of the Second Estate had a military education and the Third Estate was dominated by men from legal professions. This suggests that if the Third Estate was called the citizens, its delegates largely belonged to the bourgeoisie and not to the most oppressed lower classes. There are especially the domains of the kingdom, but there are also the professions, the state of marriage and that of virginity, the state of sin.

At court, there are the “four possessions of the body and mouth”: breadwinners, butlers, sculptors and cooks. In the church there are priestly ordinations and monastic orders. Finally, there are the different orders of chivalry. [1] The Imperial States or Three States were the major orders of social hierarchy used in Christianity (Christian Europe) from the Middle Ages to the beginning of modern Europe. Over time, various systems of dividing the members of the society into successions have developed and developed. The States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly composed of the three states. Although he had no real power for himself and could be summoned and dismissed by the king at will, the States-General allowed the voices of the domains to be heard by submitting complaints and petitions to the king and advising the crown on fiscal matters. First consecrated in 1302 by King Philip IV of France (r. 1285-1314), the Estates General were convened intermittently until 1614, after which they did not meet again for 175 years, a period that coincided with the pressure of the Bourbon kings for centralization of power and absolute monarchy. “Medieval political speculation is imbued to the core with the idea of a social structure based on different orders,” Huizinga noted.

[1] The terms practically synonymous status and order refer to a wide variety of social realities, which were by no means limited to a class, Huizinga concluded, which apply to all social functions, to all professions, to all recognizable groups. The French clergy had organized themselves into an impressive institution and had created a General Assembly that met every five years to oversee the interests of the Church. Such an assembly, representing an entire estate, was unique to the First Estate at the time and offered the clergy their own dishes. This form of organization allowed the church to fend off any attempt by the government to restrict its financial freedoms, and therefore the clergy were not obliged to pay taxes to the state.